Ueda Akinari   Ueda Akinari, pseudonym of Ueda Senjiro (b. July 25, 1734, Ōsaka, Japan—d. Aug. 8, 1809, Kyōto), preeminent writer and poet of late 18th-century Japan, best known for his tales of the supernatural. Ueda was adopted into the family of an oil and paper merchant and brought up with great kindness. A childhood attack of smallpox left him with some paralysis in his hands, and it may have caused his blindness late in life. Ueda became interested in classical Japanese and Chinese literature around the age of 25. He had started to write ukiyo-zōshi, “tales of the floating world,” the popular fiction of the day, when in 1771 the business he had managed since his stepfather’s death (1761) burned down. He took that as his opportunity to devote his full time to writing. In 1776, after eight years of work, he produced Ugetsu monogatari (Tales of Moonlight and Rain). These ghost tales showed a concern for literary style not present in most popular fiction of the time, in which the text was usually simply an accompaniment for the illustrations that formed the main part of the books. A student of history and philology, Ueda called for a revival of classical literature and language reform. His late years were spent in poverty-stricken wandering. His Harusame monogatari (1808; Tales of the Spring Rain) is another fine story collection. Ugetsu monogatari was the basis for the film Ugetsu (1953), directed by Mizoguchi Kenji.