"NEW
ATLANTIS"
We sailed from Peru, where we had continued by the space
of one whole year, for China and Japan, by the South Sea, taking with us
victuals for twelve months; and had good winds from the east, though
soft and weak, for five months' space and more. But then the wind came
about, and settled in the west for many days, so as we could make little
or no way, and were sometimes in purpose to turn back. But then again
there arose strong and great winds from the south, with a point east;
which carried us up, for all that we could do, toward the north: by
which time our victuals failed us, though we had made good spare of
them. So that finding ourselves, in the midst of the greatest wilderness
of waters in the world, without victual, we gave ourselves for lost men,
and prepared for death. Yet we did lift up our hearts and voices to God
above, who showeth His wonders in the deep; beseeching Him of His mercy
that as in the beginning He discovered the face of the deep, and brought
forth dry land, so He would now discover land to us, that we might not
perish.
And it came to pass that the next day
about evening we saw within a kenning before us, toward the north, as it
were thick clouds, which did put us in some hope of land, knowing how
that part of the South Sea was utterly unknown, and might have islands
or continents that hitherto were not come to light. Wherefore we bent
our course thither, where we saw the appearance of land, all that night;
and in the dawning of next day we might plainly discern that it was a
land flat to our sight, and full of boscage, which made it show the more
dark. And after an hour and a half's sailing, we entered into a good
haven, being the port of a fair city. Not great, indeed, but well built,
and that gave a pleasant view from the sea. And we thinking every minute
long till we were on land, came close to the shore and offered to land.
But straightway we saw divers of the people, with batons in their hands,
as it were forbidding us to land: yet without any cries or fierceness,
but only as warning us off, by signs that they made. Whereupon being not
a little discomfited, we were advising with ourselves what we should do.
During which time there made forth to us a small boat, with about eight
persons in it, whereof one of them had in his hand a tipstaff of a
yellow cane, tipped at both ends with blue, who made aboard our ship,
without any show of distrust at all. And when he saw one of our number
present himself somewhat afore the rest, he drew forth a little scroll
of parchment (somewhat yellower than our parchment, and shining like the
leaves of writing-tables, but otherwise soft and flexible), and
delivered it to our foremost man. In which scroll were written in
ancient Hebrew, and in ancient Greek, and in good Latin of the school,
and in Spanish these words: "Land ye not, none of you, and provide to be
gone from this coast within sixteen days, except you have further time
given you; meanwhile, if you want fresh water, or victual, or help for
your sick, or that your ship needeth repair, write down your wants, and
you shall have that which belongeth to mercy." This scroll was signed
with a stamp of cherubim's wings, not spread, but hanging downward; and
by them a cross.
This being delivered, the officer
returned, and left only a servant with us to receive our answer.
Consulting hereupon among ourselves, we were much perplexed. The denial
of landing, and hasty warning us away, troubled us much: on the other
side, to find that the people had languages, and were so full of
humanity, did comfort us not a little. And above all, the sign of the
cross to that instrument was to us a great rejoicing, and as it were a
certain presage of good. Our answer was in the Spanish tongue, "That for
our ship, it was well; for we had rather met with calms and contrary
winds, than any tempests. For our sick, they were many, and in very ill
case; so that if they were not permitted to land, they ran in danger of
their lives." Our other wants we set down in particular, adding, "That
we had some little store of merchandise, which if it pleased them to
deal for, it might supply our wants, without being chargeable unto
them." We offered some reward in pistolets unto the servant, and a piece
of crimson velvet to be presented to the officer; but the servant took
them not, nor would scarce look upon them; and so left us, and went back
in another little boat which was sent for him.
About three hours after we had
despatched our answer, there came toward us a person (as it seemed) of a
place. He had on him a gown with wide sleeves, of a kind of water
chamolet, of an excellent azure color, far more glossy than ours; his
under-apparel was green, and so was his hat, being in the form of a
turban, daintily made, and not so huge as the Turkish turbans; and the
locks of his hair came down below the brims of it. A reverend man was he
to behold. He came in a boat, gilt in some part of it, with four persons
more only in that boat; and was followed by another boat, wherein were
some twenty. When he was come within a flight-shot of our ship, signs
were made to us that we should send forth some to meet him upon the
water, which we presently did in our ship-boat, sending the principal
man amongst us save one, and four of our number with him. When we were
come within six yards of their boat, they called to us to stay, and not
to approach farther, which we did.
And thereupon the man, whom I before
described, stood up, and with a loud voice in Spanish asked, "Are ye
Christians?" We answered, "We were;" fearing the less, because of the
cross we had seen in the subscription. At which answer the said person
lift up his right hand toward heaven, and drew it softly to his mouth
(which is the gesture they use, when they thank God), and then said: "If
ye will swear, all of you, by the merits of the Saviour, that ye are no
pirates; nor have shed blood, lawfully or unlawfully, within forty days
past; you may have license to come on land." We said, "We were all ready
to take that oath." Whereupon one of those that were with him, being (as
it seemed) a notary, made an entry of this act. Which done, another of
the attendants of the great person, which was with him in the same boat,
after his lord had spoken a little to him, said aloud: "My lord would
have you know that it is not of pride, or greatness, that he cometh not
aboard your ship; but for that in your answer you declare that you have
many sick amongst you, he was warned by the conservator of health of the
city that he should keep a distance." We bowed ourselves toward him and
answered: "We were his humble servants; and accounted for great honor
and singular humanity toward us, that which was already done; but hoped
well that the nature of the sickness of our men was not infectious."
So he returned; and awhile after came
the notary to us aboard our ship, holding in his hand a fruit of that
country, like an orange, but of color between orange-tawny and scarlet,
which cast a most excellent odor. He used it (as it seemed) for a
preservative against infection. He gave us our oath, "By the name of
Jesus, and His merits," and after told us that the next day, by six of
the clock in the morning, we should be sent to, and brought to the
strangers' house (so he called it), where we should be accommodated of
things, both for our whole and for our sick. So he left us; and when we
offered him some pistolets, he smiling, said, "He must not be twice paid
for one labor:" meaning (as I take it) that he had salary sufficient of
the State for his service. For (as I after learned) they call an officer
that taketh rewards twice paid.
The next morning early there came to us
the same officer that came to us at first, with his cane, and told us he
came to conduct us to the strangers' house; and that he had prevented
the hour, because we might have the whole day before us for our
business. "For," said he," if you will follow my advice, there shall
first go with me some few of you, and see the place, and how it may be
made convenient for you; and then you may send for your sick, and the
rest of your number which ye will bring on land." We thanked him and
said, "That his care which he took of desolate strangers, God would
reward." And so six of us went on land with him; and when we were on
land, he went before us, and turned to us and said "he was but our
servant and our guide." He led us through three fair streets; and all
the way we went there were gathered some people on both sides, standing
in a row; but in so civil a fashion, as if it had been, not to wonder at
us, but to welcome us; and divers of them, as we passed by them, put
their arms a little abroad, which is their gesture when they bid any
welcome.
The strangers' house is a fair and
spacious house, built of brick, of somewhat a bluer color than our
brick; and with handsome windows, some of glass, some of a kind of
cambric oiled. He brought us first into a fair parlor above stairs, and
then asked us "what number of persons we were? and how many sick?" We
answered, "We were in all (sick and whole) one-and-fifty persons,
whereof our sick were seventeen." He desired us have patience a little,
and to stay till he came back to us, which was about an hour after; and
then he led us to see the chambers which were provided for us, being in
number nineteen. They having cast it (as it seemeth) that four of those
chambers, which were better than the rest, might receive four of the
principal men of our company; and lodge them alone by themselves; and
the other fifteen chambers were to lodge us, two and two together. The
chambers were handsome and cheerful chambers, and furnished civilly.
Then he led us to a long gallery, like a dorture, where he showed us all
along the one side (for the other side was but wall and window)
seventeen cells, very neat ones, having partitions of cedar wood. Which
gallery and cells, being in all forty (many more than we needed), were
instituted as an infirmary for sick persons. And he told us withal, that
as any of our sick waxed well, he might be removed from his cell to a
chamber; for which purpose there were set forth ten spare chambers,
besides the number we spake of before.
This done, he brought us back to the
parlor, and lifting up his cane a little (as they do when they give any
charge or command), said to us: "Ye are to know that the custom of the
land requireth that after this day and to-morrow (which we give you for
removing your people from your ship), you are to keep within doors for
three days. But let it not trouble you, nor do not think yourselves
restrained, but rather left to your rest and ease. You shall want
nothing; and there are six of our people appointed to attend you for any
business you may have abroad." We gave him thanks with all affection and
respect, and said, "God surely is manifested in this land." We offered
him also twenty pistolets; but he smiled, and only said: "What? Twice
paid!" And so he left us. Soon after our dinner was served in; which was
right good viands, both for bread and meat: better than any collegiate
diet that I have known in Europe. We had also drink of three sorts, all
wholesome and good: wine of the grape; a drink of grain, such as is with
us our ale, but more clear; and a kind of cider made of a fruit of that
country, a wonderful pleasing and refreshing drink. Besides, there were
brought in to us great store of those scarlet oranges for our sick;
which (they said) were an assured remedy for sickness taken at sea.
There was given us also a box of small gray or whitish pills, which they
wished our sick should take, one of the pills every night before sleep;
which (they said) would hasten their recovery.
The next day, after that our trouble of
carriage and removing of our men and goods out of our ship was somewhat
settled and quiet, I thought good to call our company together, and,
when they were assembled, said unto them: "My dear friends, let us know
ourselves, and how it standeth with us. We are men cast on land, as
Jonas was out of the whale's belly, when we were as buried in the deep;
and now we are on land, we are but between death and life, for we are
beyond both the Old World and the New; and whether ever we shall see
Europe, God only knoweth. It is a kind of miracle hath brought us
hither, and it must be little less that shall bring us hence. Therefore
in regard of our deliverance past, and our danger present and to come,
let us look up to God, and every man reform his own ways. Besides, we
are come here among a Christian people, full of piety and humanity. Let
us not bring that confusion of face upon ourselves, as to show our vices
or unworthiness before them. Yet there is more, for they have by
commandment (though in form of courtesy) cloistered us within these
walls for three days; who knoweth whether it be not to take some taste
of our manners and conditions? And if they find them bad, to banish us
straightway; if good, to give us further time. For these men that they
have given us for attendance, may withal have an eye upon us. Therefore,
for God's love, and as we love the weal of our souls and bodies, let us
so behave ourselves as we may be at peace with God and may find grace in
the eyes of this people."
Our company with one voice thanked me
for my good admonition, and promised me to live soberly and civilly, and
without giving any the least occasion of offence. So we spent our three
days joyfully, and without care, in expectation what would be done with
us when they were expired. During which time, we had every hour joy of
the amendment of our sick, who thought themselves cast into some divine
pool of healing, they mended so kindly and so fast.
The morrow after our three days were
past, there came to us a new man, that we had not seen before, clothed
in blue as the former was, save that his turban was white with a small
red cross on top. He had also a tippet of fine linen. At his coming in,
he did bend to us a little, and put his arms abroad. We of our parts
saluted him in a very lowly and submissive manner; as looking that from
him we should receive sentence of life or death. He desired to speak
with some few of us. Whereupon six of us only stayed, and the rest
avoided the room. He said: "I am by office, governor of this house of
strangers, and by vocation, I am a Christian priest, and therefore am
come to you to offer you my service, both as strangers and chiefly as
Christians. Some things I may tell you, which I think you will not be
unwilling to hear. The State hath given you license to stay on land for
the space of six weeks; and let it not trouble you if your occasions ask
further time, for the law in this point is not precise; and I do not
doubt but myself shall be able to obtain for you such further time as
shall be convenient. Ye shall also understand that the strangers' house
is at this time rich and much aforehand; for it hath laid up revenue
these thirty-seven years, for so long it is since any stranger arrived
in this part; and therefore take ye no care; the State will defray you
all the time you stay. Neither shall you stay one day the less for that.
As for any merchandise you have brought, ye shall be well used, and have
your return, either in merchandise or in gold and silver, for to us it
is all one. And if you have any other request to make, hide it not; for
ye shall find we will not make your countenance to fall by the answer ye
shall receive. Only this I must tell you, that none of you must go above
a karan [that is with them a mile and a half] from the walls of the
city, without special leave."
We answered, after we had looked awhile
upon one another, admiring this gracious and parent-like usage, that we
could not tell what to say, for we wanted words to express our thanks;
and his noble free offers left us nothing to ask. It seemed to us that
we had before us a picture of our salvation in heaven; for we that were
awhile since in the jaws of death, were now brought into a place where
we found nothing but consolations. For the commandment laid upon us, we
would not fail to obey it, though it was impossible but our hearts
should be inflamed to tread further upon this happy and holy ground. We
added that our tongues should first cleave to the roofs of our mouths
ere we should forget either this reverend person or this whole nation,
in our prayers. We also most humbly besought him to accept of us as his
true servants, by as just a right as ever men on earth were bounden;
laying and presenting both our persons and all we had at his feet. He
said he was a priest, and looked for a priest's reward, which was our
brotherly love and the good of our souls and bodies. So he went from us,
not without tears of tenderness in his eyes, and left us also confused
with joy and kindness, saying among ourselves that we were come into a
land of angels, which did appear to us daily, and prevent us with
comforts, which we thought not of, much less expected.
The next day, about ten of the clock;
the governor came to us again, and after salutations said familiarly
that he was come to visit us, and called for a chair and sat him down;
and we, being some ten of us (the rest were of the meaner sort or else
gone abroad), sat down with him; and when we were set he began thus: "We
of this island of Bensalem (for so they called it in their language)
have this: that by means of our solitary situation, and of the laws of
secrecy, which we have for our travellers, and our rare admission of
strangers; we know well most part of the habitable world, and are
ourselves unknown. Therefore because he that knoweth least is fittest to
ask questions it is more reason, for the entertainment of the time, that
ye ask me questions, than that I ask you." We answered, that we humbly
thanked him that he would give us leave so to do. And that we conceived
by the taste we had already, that there was no worldly thing on earth
more worthy to be known than the state of that happy land. But above
all, we said, since that we were met from the several ends of the world,
and hoped assuredly that we should meet one day in the kingdom of heaven
(for that we were both parts Christians), we desired to know (in respect
that land was so remote, and so divided by vast and unknown seas from
the land where our Saviour walked on earth) who was the apostle of that
nation, and how it was converted to the faith? It appeared in his face
that he took great contentment in this our question; he said: "Ye knit
my heart to you by asking this question in the first place; for it
showeth that you first seek the kingdom of heaven; and I shall gladly,
and briefly, satisfy your demand.
"About twenty years after the ascension
of our Saviour it came to pass, that there was seen by the people of
Renfusa (a city upon the eastern coast of our island, within sight, the
night was cloudy and calm), as it might be some mile in the sea, a great
pillar of light; not sharp, but in form of a column, or cylinder, rising
from the sea, a great way up toward heaven; and on the top of it was
seen a large cross of light, more bright and resplendent than the body
of the pillar. Upon which so strange a spectacle, the people of the city
gathered apace together upon the sands, to wonder; and so after put
themselves into a number of small boats to go nearer to this marvellous
sight. But when the boats were come within about sixty yards of the
pillar, they found themselves all bound, and could go no further, yet so
as they might move to go about, but might not approach nearer; so as the
boats stood all as in a theatre, beholding this light, as a heavenly
sign. It so fell out that there was in one of the boats one of the wise
men of the Society of Saloman's House (which house, or college, my good
brethren, is the very eye of this kingdom), who having awhile
attentively and devoutly viewed and contemplated this pillar and cross,
fell down upon his face; and then raised himself upon his knees, and
lifting up his hands to heaven, made his prayers in this manner:
"'Lord God of heaven and earth; thou
hast vouchsafed of thy grace, to those of our order to know thy works of
creation, and true secrets of them; and to discern, as far as
appertaineth to the generations of men, between divine miracles, works
of nature, works of art and impostures, and illusions of all sorts. I do
here acknowledge and testify before this people that the thing we now
see before our eyes is thy finger, and a true miracle. And forasmuch as
we learn in our books that thou never workest miracles, but to a divine
and excellent end (for the laws of nature are thine own laws, and thou
exceedest them not but upon great cause), we most humbly beseech thee to
prosper this great sign, and to give us the interpretation and use of it
in mercy; which thou dost in some part secretly promise, by sending it
unto us.'
"When he had made his prayer, he
presently found the boat he was in movable and unbound; whereas all the
rest remained still fast; and taking that for an assurance of leave to
approach, he caused the boat to be softly and with silence rowed toward
the pillar; but ere he came near it, the pillar and cross of light broke
up, and cast itself abroad, as it were, into a firmament of many stars,
which also vanished soon after, and there was nothing left to be seen
but a small ark or chest of cedar, dry and not wet at all with water,
though it swam; and in the fore end of it, which was toward him, grew a
small green branch of palm; and when the wise man had taken it with all
reverence into his boat, it opened of itself, and there were found in it
a book and a letter, both written in fine parchment, and wrapped in
sindons of linen. The book contained all the canonical books of the Old
and New Testament, according as you have them (for we know well what the
churches with you receive), and the Apocalypse itself; and some other
books of the New Testament, which were not at that time written, were
nevertheless in the book. And for the letter, it was in these words:
"'I, Bartholomew, a servant of the
Highest, and apostle of Jesus Christ, was warned by an angel that
appeared to me in a vision of glory, that I should commit this ark to
the floods of the sea. Therefore I do testify and declare unto that
people where God shall ordain this ark to come to land, that in the same
day is come unto them salvation and peace, and good-will from the
Father, and from the Lord Jesus.'
"There was also in both these writings,
as well the book as the letter, wrought a great miracle, conform to that
of the apostles, in the original gift of tongues. For there being at
that time, in this land, Hebrews, Persians, and Indians, besides the
natives, everyone read upon the book and letter, as if they had been
written in his own language. And thus was this land saved from
infidelity (as the remain of the old world was from water) by an ark,
through the apostolical and miraculous evangelism of St. Bartholomew."
And here he paused, and a messenger came and called him forth from us.
So this was all that passed in that conference.
The next day the same governor came
again to us immediately after dinner, and excused himself, saying that
the day before he was called from us somewhat abruptly, but now he would
make us amends, and spend time with us; if we held his company and
conference agreeable. We answered that we held it so agreeable and
pleasing to us, as we forgot both dangers past, and fears to come, for
the time we heard him speak; and that we thought an hour spent with him
was worth years of our former life. He bowed himself a little to us, and
after we were set again, he said, "Well, the questions are on your
part."
One of our number said, after a little
pause, that there was a matter we were no less desirous to know than
fearful to ask, lest we might presume too far. But, encouraged by his
rare humanity toward us (that could scarce think ourselves strangers,
being his vowed and professed servants), we would take the hardness to
propound it; humbly beseeching him, if he thought it not fit to be
answered, that he would pardon it, though he rejected it. We said, we
well observed those his words, which he formerly spake, that this happy
island, where we now stood, was known to few, and yet knew most of the
nations of the world, which we found to be true, considering they had
the languages of Europe, and knew much of our State and business; and
yet we in Europe (notwithstanding all the remote discoveries and
navigations of this last age) never heard any of the least inkling or
glimpse of this island. This we found wonderful strange; for that all
nations have interknowledge one of another, either by voyage into
foreign parts, or by strangers that come to them; and though the
traveller into a foreign country doth commonly know more by the eye than
he that stayeth at home can by relation of the traveller; yet both ways
suffice to make a mutual knowledge, in some degree, on both parts. But
for this island, we never heard tell of any ship of theirs that had been
seen to arrive upon any shore of Europe; no, nor of either the East or
West Indies, nor yet of any ship of any other part of the world, that
had made return for them. And yet the marvel rested not in this. For the
situation of it (as his lordship said) in the secret conclave of such a
vast sea might cause it. But then, that they should have knowledge of
the languages, books, affairs, of those that lie such a distance from
them, it was a thing we could not tell what to make of; for that it
seemed to us a condition and propriety of divine powers and beings, to
be hidden and unseen to others, and yet to have others open, and as in a
light to them.
At this speech the governor gave a
gracious smile and said that we did well to ask pardon for this question
we now asked, for that it imported, as if we thought this land a land of
magicians, that sent forth spirits of the air into all parts, to bring
them news and intelligence of other countries. It was answered by us
all, in all possible humbleness, but yet with a countenance taking
knowledge, that we knew that he spake it but merrily. That we were apt
enough to think there was somewhat supernatural in this island, but yet
rather as angelical than magical. But to let his lordship know truly
what it was that made us tender and doubtful to ask this question, it
was not any such conceit, but because we remembered he had given a touch
in his former speech, that this land had laws of secrecy touching
strangers. To this he said, "You remember it aright; and therefore in
that I shall say to you, I must reserve some particulars, which it is
not lawful for me to reveal, but there will be enough left to give you
satisfaction.
"You shall understand (that which
perhaps you will scarce think credible) that about 3,000 years ago, or
somewhat more, the navigation of the world (especially for remote
voyages) was greater than at this day. Do not think with yourselves,
that I know not how much it is increased with you, within these
threescore years; I know it well, and yet I say, greater then than now;
whether it was, that the example of the ark, that saved the remnant of
men from the universal deluge, gave men confidence to venture upon the
waters, or what it was; but such is the truth. The Phoenicians, and
especially the Tyrians, had great fleets; so had the Carthaginians their
colony, which is yet farther west. Toward the east the shipping of
Egypt, and of Palestine, was likewise great. China also, and the great
Atlantis (that you call America), which have now but junks and canoes,
abounded then in tall ships. This island (as appeareth by faithful
registers of those times) had then 1,500 strong ships, of great content.
Of all this there is with you sparing memory, or none; but we have large
knowledge thereof.
"At that time this land was known and
frequented by the ships and vessels of all the nations before named. And
(as it cometh to pass) they had many times men of other countries, that
were no sailors, that came with them; as Persians, Chaldeans, Arabians,
so as almost all nations of might and fame resorted hither; of whom we
have some stirps and little tribes with us at this day. And for our own
ships, they went sundry voyages, as well to your straits, which you call
the Pillars of Hercules, as to other parts in the Atlantic and
Mediterranean seas; as to Paguin (which is the same with Cambalaine) and
Quinzy, upon the Oriental seas, as far as to the borders of the East
Tartary.
"At the same time, and an age after or
more, the inhabitants of the great Atlantis did flourish. For though the
narration and description which is made by a great man with you, that
the descendants of Neptune planted there, and of the magnificent temple,
palace, city, and hill; and the manifold streams of goodly navigable
rivers, which as so many chains environed the same site and temple; and
the several degrees of ascent, whereby men did climb up to the same, as
if it had been a Scala Coeli; be all poetical and fabulous; yet so much
is true, that the said country of Atlantis, as well that of Peru, then
called Coya, as that of Mexico, then named Tyrambel, were mighty and
proud kingdoms, in arms, shipping, and riches; so mighty, as at one
time, or at least within the space of ten years, they both made two
great expeditions; they of Tyrambel through the Atlantic to the
Mediterranean Sea; and they of Coya, through the South Sea upon this our
island; and for the former of these, which was into Europe, the same
author among you, as it seemeth, had some relation from the Egyptian
priest, whom he citeth. For assuredly, such a thing there was. But
whether it were the ancient Athenians that had the glory of the repulse
and resistance of those forces, I can say nothing; but certain it is
there never came back either ship or man from that voyage. Neither had
the other voyage of those of Coya upon us had better fortune, if they
had not met with enemies of greater clemency. For the King of this
island, by name Altabin, a wise man and a great warrior, knowing well
both his own strength and that of his enemies, handled the matter so as
he cut off their land forces from their ships, and entoiled both their
navy and their camp with a greater power than theirs, both by sea and
land; and compelled them to render themselves without striking a stroke;
and after they were at his mercy, contenting himself only with their
oath, that they should no more bear arms against him, dismissed them all
in safety.
"But the divine revenge overtook not
long after those proud enterprises. For within less than the space of
100 years the Great Atlantis was utterly lost and destroyed; not by a
great earthquake, as your man saith, for that whole tract is little
subject to earthquakes, but by a particular deluge, or inundation; those
countries having at this day far greater rivers, and far higher
mountains to pour down waters, than any part of the old world. But it is
true that the same inundation was not deep, nor past forty foot, in most
places, from the ground, so that although it destroyed man and beast
generally, yet some few wild inhabitants of the wood escaped. Birds also
were saved by flying to the high trees and woods. For as for men,
although they had buildings in many places higher than the depth of the
water, yet that inundation, though it were shallow, had a long
continuance, whereby they of the vale that were not drowned perished for
want of food, and other things necessary. So as marvel you not at the
thin population of America, nor at the rudeness and ignorance of the
people; for you must account your inhabitants of America as a young
people, younger a thousand years at the least than the rest of the
world, for that there was so much time between the universal flood and
their particular inundation.
"For the poor remnant of human seed
which remained in their mountains, peopled the country again slowly, by
little and little, and being simple and a savage people (not like Noah
and his sons, which was the chief family of the earth), they were not
able to leave letters, arts, and civility to their posterity; and having
likewise in their mountainous habitations been used, in respect of the
extreme cold of those regions, to clothe themselves with the skins of
tigers, bears, and great hairy goats, that they have in those parts;
when after they came down into the valley, and found the intolerable
heats which are there, and knew no means of lighter apparel, they were
forced to begin the custom of going naked, which continueth at this day.
Only they take great pride and delight in the feathers of birds, and
this also they took from those their ancestors of the mountains, who
were invited unto it, by the infinite flight of birds, that came up to
the high grounds, while the waters stood below. So you see, by this main
accident of time, we lost our traffic with the Americans, with whom of
all others, in regard they lay nearest to us, we had most commerce. As
for the other parts of the world, it is most manifest that in the ages
following (whether it were in respect of wars, or by a natural
revolution of time) navigation did everywhere greatly decay, and
specially far voyages (the rather by the use of galleys, and such
vessels as could hardly brook the ocean) were altogether left and
omitted. So then, that part of intercourse which could be from other
nations to sail to us, you see how it hath long since ceased; except it
were by some rare accident, as this of yours. But now of the cessation
of that other part of intercourse, which might be by our sailing to
other nations, I must yield you some other cause. But I cannot say if I
shall say truly, but our shipping, for number, strength, mariners,
pilots, and all things that appertain to navigation, is as great as
ever; and therefore why we should sit at home, I shall now give you an
account by itself; and it will draw nearer, to give you satisfaction, to
your principal question.
"There reigned in this land, about
1,900 years ago, a King, whose memory of all others we most adore; not
superstitiously, but as a divine instrument, though a mortal man: his
name was Salomana; and we esteem him as the lawgiver of our nation. This
King had a large heart, inscrutable for good; and was wholly bent to
make his kingdom and people happy. He, therefore, taking into
consideration how sufficient and substantive this land was, to maintain
itself without any aid at all of the foreigner; being 5,000 miles in
circuit, and of rare fertility of soil, in the greatest part thereof;
and finding also the shipping of this country might be plentifully set
on work, both by fishing and by transportations from port to port, and
likewise by sailing unto some small islands that are not far from us,
and are under the crown and laws of this State; and recalling into his
memory the happy and flourishing estate wherein this land then was, so
as it might be a thousand ways altered to the worse, but scarce any one
way to the better; though nothing wanted to his noble and heroical
intentions, but only (as far as human foresight might reach) to give
perpetuity to that which was in his time so happily established,
therefore among his other fundamental laws of this kingdom he did ordain
the interdicts and prohibitions which we have touching entrance of
strangers; which at that time (though it was after the calamity of
America) was frequent; doubting novelties and commixture of manners. It
is true, the like law against the admission of strangers without license
is an ancient law in the Kingdom of China, and yet continued in use. But
there it is a poor thing; and hath made them a curious, ignorant,
fearful, foolish nation. But our lawgiver made his law of another
temper. For first, he hath preserved all points of humanity, in taking
order and making provision for the relief of strangers distressed;
whereof you have tasted."
At which speech (as reason was) we all
rose up and bowed ourselves. He went on: "That King also still desiring
to join humanity and policy together; and thinking it against humanity
to detain strangers here against their wills, and against policy that
they should return and discover their knowledge of this estate, he took
this course; he did ordain, that of the strangers that should be
permitted to land, as many at all times might depart as many as would;
but as many as would stay, should have very good conditions, and means
to live from the State. Wherein he saw so far, that now in so many ages
since the prohibition, we have memory not of one ship that ever
returned, and but of thirteen persons only, at several times, that chose
to return in our bottoms. What those few that returned may have reported
abroad, I know not. But you must think, whatsoever they have said, could
be taken where they came but for a dream. Now for our travelling from
hence into parts abroad, our lawgiver thought fit altogether to restrain
it. So is it not in China. For the Chinese sail where they will, or can;
which showeth, that their law of keeping out strangers is a law of
pusillanimity and fear. But this restraint of ours hath one only
exception, which is admirable; preserving the good which cometh by
communicating with strangers, and avoiding the hurt: and I will now open
it to you.
"And here I shall seem a little to
digress, but you will by and by find it pertinent. Ye shall understand,
my dear friends, that among the excellent acts of that King, one above
all hath the pre-eminence. It was the erection and institution of an
order, or society, which we call Saloman's House, the noblest
foundation, as we think, that ever was upon the earth, and the lantern
of this kingdom. It is dedicated to the study of the works and creatures
of God. Some think it beareth the founder's name a little corrupted, as
if it should be Solomon's House. But the records write it as it is
spoken. So as I take it to be denominate of the King of the Hebrews,
which is famous with you, and no strangers to us; for we have some parts
of his works which with you are lost; namely, that natural history which
he wrote of all plants, from the cedar of Libanus to the moss that
groweth out of the wall; and of all things that have life and motion.
This maketh me think that our King finding himself to symbolize, in many
things, with that King of the Hebrews, which lived many years before
him, honored him with the title of this foundation. And I am the rather
induced to be of this opinion, for that I find in ancient records, this
order or society is sometimes called Solomon's House, and sometimes the
College of the Six Days' Works, whereby I am satisfied that our
excellent King had learned from the Hebrews that God had created the
world and all that therein is within six days: and therefore he
instituted that house, for the finding out of the true nature of all
things, whereby God might have the more glory in the workmanship of
them, and men the more fruit in their use of them, did give it also that
second name.
"But now to come to our present
purpose. When the King had forbidden to all his people navigation into
any part that was not under his crown, he made nevertheless this
ordinance; that every twelve years there should be set forth out of this
kingdom, two ships, appointed to several voyages; that in either of
these ships there should be a mission of three of the fellows or
brethren of Saloman's House, whose errand was only to give us knowledge
of the affairs and state of those countries to which they were designed;
and especially of the sciences, arts, manufactures, and inventions of
all the world; and withal to bring unto us books, instruments, and
patterns in every kind: that the ships, after they had landed the
brethren, should return; and that the brethren should stay abroad till
the new mission, the ships are not otherwise fraught than with store of
victuals, and good quantity of treasure to remain with the brethren, for
the buying of such things, and rewarding of such persons, as they should
think fit. Now for me to tell you how the vulgar sort of mariners are
contained from being discovered at land, and how they must be put on
shore for any time, color themselves under the names of other nations,
and to what places these voyages have been designed; and what places of
rendezvous are appointed for the new missions, and the like
circumstances of the practice, I may not do it, neither is it much to
your desire. But thus you see we maintain a trade, not for gold, silver,
or jewels, nor for silks, nor for spices, nor any other commodity of
matter; but only for God's first creature, which was light; to have
light, I say, of the growth of all parts of the world."
And when he had said this, he was
silent, and so were we all; for indeed we were all astonished to hear so
strange things so probably told. And he perceiving that we were willing
to say somewhat, but had it not ready, in great courtesy took us off,
and descended to ask us questions of our voyage and fortunes, and in the
end concluded that we might do well to think with ourselves what time of
stay we would demand of the State, and bade us not to scant ourselves;
for he would procure such time as we desired. Whereupon we all rose up
and presented ourselves to kiss the skirt of his tippet, but he would
not suffer us, and so took his leave. But when it came once among our
people that the State used to offer conditions to strangers that would
stay, we had work enough to get any of our men to look to our ship, and
to keep them from going presently to the governor to crave conditions;
but with much ado we restrained them, till we might agree what course to
take.
We took ourselves now for freemen,
seeing there was no danger of our utter perdition, and lived most
joyfully, going abroad and seeing what was to be seen in the city and
places adjacent, within our tedder; and obtaining acquaintance with many
of the city, not of the meanest quality, at whose hands we found such
humanity, and such a freedom and desire to take strangers, as it were,
into their bosom, as was enough to make us forget all that was dear to
us in our own countries, and continually we met with many things, right
worthy of observation and relation; as indeed, if there be a mirror in
the world, worthy to hold men's eyes, it is that country. One day there
were two of our company bidden to a feast of the family, as they call
it; a most natural, pious, and reverend custom it is, showing that
nation to be compounded of all goodness. This is the manner of it; it is
granted to any man that shall live to see thirty persons descended of
his body, alive together, and all above three years old, to make this
feast, which is done at the cost of the State. The father of the family,
whom they call the tirsan, two days before the feast, taketh to him
three of such friends as he liketh to choose, and is assisted also by
the governor of the city or place where the feast is celebrated; and all
the persons of the family, of both sexes, are summoned to attend him.
These two days the tirsan sitteth in consultation, concerning the good
estate of the family. There, if there be any discord or suits between
any of the family, they are compounded and appeased. There, if any of
the family be distressed or decayed, order is taken for their relief,
and competent means to live. There, if any be subject to vice, or take
ill-courses, they are reproved and censured. So, likewise, direction is
given touching marriages, and the courses of life which any of them
should take, with divers other the like orders and advices. The governor
sitteth to the end, to put in execution, by his public authority, the
decrees and orders of the tirsan, if they should be disobeyed, though
that seldom needeth; such reverence and obedience they give to the order
of nature.
The tirsan doth also then ever choose
one man from among his sons, to live in house with him, who is called
ever after the Son of the Vine. The reason will hereafter appear. On the
feast day, the father, or tirsan, cometh forth after divine service into
a large room where the feast is celebrated; which room hath a half-pace
at the upper end. Against the wall, in the middle of the half-pace, is a
chair placed for him, with a table and carpet before it. Over the chair
is a state, made round or oval and it is of ivy; an ivy somewhat whiter
than ours, like the leaf of a silver-asp, but more shining; for it is
green all winter. And the state is curiously wrought with silver and
silk of divers colors, broiding or binding in the ivy; and is ever of
the work of some of the daughters of the family, and veiled over at the
top, with a fine net of silk and silver. But the substance of it is true
ivy; whereof after it is taken down, the friends of the family are
desirous to have some leaf or sprig to keep. The tirsan cometh forth
with all his generation or lineage, the males before him, and the
females following him; and if there be a mother, from whose body the
whole lineage is descended, there is a traverse placed in a loft above
on the right hand of the chair, with a privy door, and a carved window
of glass, leaded with gold and blue; where she sitteth, but is not seen.
When the tirsan is come forth, he
sitteth down in the chair; and all the lineage place themselves against
the wall, both at his back, and upon the return of the half-pace, in
order of their years) without difference of sex, and stand upon their
feet. When he is set, the room being always full of company, but well
kept and without disorder, after some pause there cometh in from the
lower end of the room a taratan (which is as much as a herald), and on
either side of him two young lads: whereof one carrieth a scroll of
their shining yellow parchment, and the other a cluster of grapes of
gold, with a long foot or stalk. The herald and children are clothed
with mantles of sea-water-green satin; but the herald's mantle is
streamed with gold, and hath a train. Then the herald with three
courtesies, or rather inclinations, cometh up as far as the half-pace,
and there first taketh into his hand the scroll. This scroll is the
King's charter, containing gift of revenue, and many privileges,
exemptions, and points of honor, granted to the father of the family;
and it is ever styled and directed, "To such an one, our well-beloved
friend and creditor," which is a title proper only to this case. For
they say, the King is debtor to no man, but for propagation of his
subjects; the seal set to the King's charter is the King's image,
embossed or moulded in gold; and though such charters be expedited of
course, and as of right, yet they are varied by discretion, according to
the number and dignity of the family. This charter the herald readeth
aloud; and while it is read, the father, or tirsan, standeth up,
supported by two of his sons, such as he chooseth.
Then the herald mounteth the half-pace,
and delivereth the charter into his hand: and with that there is an
acclamation, by all that are present, in their language, which is thus
much, "Happy are the people of Bensalem." Then the herald taketh into
his hand from the other child the cluster of grapes, which is of gold;
both the stalk, and the grapes. But the grapes are daintily enamelled:
and if the males of the family be the greater number, the grapes are
enamelled purple, with a little sun set on the top; if the females, then
they are enamelled into a greenish yellow, with a crescent on the top.
The grapes are in number as many as there are descendants of the family.
This golden cluster the herald delivereth also to the tirsan; who
presently delivereth it over to that son that he had formerly chosen, to
be in house with him: who beareth it before his father, as an ensign of
honor, when he goeth in public ever after; and is thereupon called the
Son of the Vine. After this ceremony ended the father, or tirsan,
retireth, and after some time cometh forth again to dinner, where he
sitteth alone under the state, as before; and none of his descendants
sit with him, of what degree or dignity so ever, except he hap to be of
Saloman's House. He is served only by his own children, such as are
male; who perform unto him all service of the table upon the knee, and
the women only stand about him, leaning against the wall. The room below
his half-pace hath tables on the sides for the guests that are bidden;
who are served with great and comely order; and toward the end of dinner
(which in the greatest feasts with them lasteth never above an hour and
a half) there is a hymn sung, varied according to the invention of him
that composeth it (for they have excellent poesy), but the subject of it
is always the praises of Adam, and Noah, and Abraham; whereof the former
two peopled the world, and the last was the father of the faithful:
concluding ever with a thanksgiving for the nativity of our Saviour, in
whose birth the births of all are only blessed.
Dinner being done, the tirsan retireth
again; and having withdrawn himself alone into a place, where he maketh
some private prayers, he cometh forth the third time, to give the
blessing; with all his descendants, who stand about him as at the first.
Then he calleth them forth by one and by one, by name as he pleaseth,
though seldom the order of age be inverted. The person that is called
(the table being before removed) kneeleth down before the chair, and the
father layeth his hand upon his head, or her head, and giveth the
blessing in these words: "Son of Bensalem (or daughter of Bensalem), thy
father saith it; the man by whom thou hast breath and life speaketh the
word; the blessing of the everlasting Father, the Prince of Peace, and
the Holy Dove be upon thee, and make the days of thy pilgrimage good and
many." This he saith to every of them; and that done, if there be any of
his sons of eminent merit and virtue, so they be not above two, he
calleth for them again, and saith, laying his arm over their shoulders,
they standing: "Sons, it is well you are born, give God the praise, and
persevere to the end;" and withal delivereth to either of them a jewel,
made in the figure of an ear of wheat, which they ever after wear in the
front of their turban, or hat; this done, they fall to music and dances,
and other recreations, after their manner, for the rest of the day. This
is the full order of that feast.
By that time six or seven days were
spent, I was fallen into straight acquaintance with a merchant of that
city, whose name was Joabin. He was a Jew and circumcised; for they have
some few stirps of Jews yet remaining among them, whom they leave to
their own religion. Which they may the better do, because they are of a
far differing disposition from the Jews in other parts. For whereas they
hate the name of Christ, and have a secret inbred rancor against the
people among whom they live; these, contrariwise, give unto our Saviour
many high attributes, and love the nation of Bensalem extremely. Surely
this man of whom I speak would ever acknowledge that Christ was born of
a Virgin; and that he was more than a man; and he would tell how God
made him ruler of the seraphim, which guard his throne; and they call
him also the Milken Way, and the Eliah of the Messiah, and many other
high names, which though they be inferior to his divine majesty, yet
they are far from the language of other Jews. And for the country of
Bensalem, this man would make no end of commending it, being desirous by
tradition among the Jews there to have it believed that the people
thereof were of the generations of Abraham, by another son, whom they
call Nachoran; and that Moses by a secret cabala ordained the laws of
Bensalem which they now use; and that when the Messias should come, and
sit in his throne at Hierusalem, the King of Bensalem should sit at his
feet, whereas other kings should keep a great distance. But yet setting
aside these Jewish dreams, the man was a wise man and learned, and of
great policy, and excellently seen in the laws and customs of that
nation.
Among other discourses one day I told
him, I was much affected with the relation I had from some of the
company of their custom in holding the feast of the family, for that,
methought, I had never heard of a solemnity wherein nature did so much
preside. And because propagation of families proceedeth from the nuptial
copulation, I desired to know of him what laws and customs they had
concerning marriage, and whether they kept marriage well, and whether
they were tied to one wife? For that where population is so much
affected, and such as with them it seemed to be, there is commonly
permission of plurality of wives. To this he said:
"You have reason for to commend that
excellent institution of the feast of the family; and indeed we have
experience, that those families that are partakers of the blessings of
that feast, do flourish and prosper ever after, in an extraordinary
manner. But hear me now, and I will tell you what I know. You shall
understand that there is not under the heavens so chaste a nation as
this of Bensalem, nor so free from all pollution or foulness. It is the
virgin of the world; I remember, I have read in one of your European
books, of a holy hermit among you, that desired to see the spirit of
fornication, and there appeared to him a little foul ugly Ethiope; but
if he had desired to see the spirit of chastity of Bensalem, it would
have appeared to him in the likeness of a fair beautiful cherub. For
there is nothing, among mortal men, more fair and admirable than the
chaste minds of this people.
"Know, therefore, that with them there
are no stews, no dissolute houses, no courtesans, nor anything of that
kind. Nay, they wonder, with detestation, at you in Europe, which permit
such things. They say ye have put marriage out of office; for marriage
is ordained a remedy for unlawful concupiscence; and natural
concupiscence seemeth as a spur to marriage. But when men have at hand a
remedy, more agreeable to their corrupt will, marriage is almost
expulsed. And therefore there are with you seen infinite men that marry
not, but choose rather a libertine and impure single life, than to be
yoked in marriage; and many that do marry, marry late, when the prime
and strength of their years are past. And when they do marry, what is
marriage to them but a very bargain; wherein is sought alliance, or
portion, or reputation, with some desire (almost indifferent) of issue;
and not the faithful nuptial union of man and wife, that was first
instituted. Neither is it possible that those that have cast away so
basely so much of their strength, should greatly esteem children (being
of the same matter) as chaste men do. So likewise during marriage is the
case much amended, as it ought to be if those things were tolerated only
for necessity; no, but they remain still as a very affront to marriage.
"The haunting of those dissolute
places, or resort to courtesans, are no more punished in married men
than in bachelors. And the depraved custom of change, and the delight in
meretricious embracements (where sin is turned into art), maketh
marriage a dull thing, and a kind of imposition or tax. They hear you
defend these things, as done to avoid greater evils; as advoutries,
deflowering of virgins, unnatural lust, and the like. But they say this
is a preposterous wisdom; and they call it Lot's offer, who to save his
guests from abusing, offered his daughters; nay, they say further, that
there is little gained in this; for that the same vices and appetites do
still remain and abound, unlawful lust being like a furnace, that if you
stop the flames altogether it will quench, but if you give it any vent
it will rage; as for masculine love, they have no touch of it; and yet
there are not so faithful and inviolate friendships in the world again
as are there, and to speak generally (as I said before) I have not read
of any such chastity in any people as theirs. And their usual saying is
that whosoever is unchaste cannot reverence himself; and they say that
the reverence of a man's self, is, next religion, the chiefest bridle of
all vices."
And when he had said this the good Jew
paused a little; whereupon I, far more willing to hear him speak on than
to speak myself; yet thinking it decent that upon his pause of speech I
should not be altogether silent, said only this; that I would say to
him, as the widow of Sarepta said to Elias: "that he was come to bring
to memory our sins; "and that I confess the righteousness of Bensalem
was greater than the righteousness of Europe. At which speech he bowed
his head, and went on this manner:
"They have also many wise and excellent
laws, touching marriage. They allow no polygamy. They have ordained that
none do intermarry, or contract, until a month be past from their first
interview. Marriage without consent of parents they do not make void,
but they mulct it in the inheritors; for the children of such marriages
are not admitted to inherit above a third part of their parents'
inheritance. I have read in a book of one of your men, of a feigned
commonwealth, where the married couple are permitted, before they
contract, to see one another naked. This they dislike; for they think it
a scorn to give a refusal after so familiar knowledge; but because of
many hidden defects in men and women's bodies, they have a more civil
way; for they have near every town a couple of pools (which they call
Adam and Eve's pools), where it is permitted to one of the friends of
the man, and another of the friends of the woman, to see them severally
bathe naked."
And as we were thus in conference,
there came one that seemed to be a messenger, in a rich huke, that spake
with the Jew; whereupon he turned to me, and said, "You will pardon me,
for I am commanded away in haste." The next morning he came to me again,
joyful as it seemed, and said: "There is word come to the governor of
the city, that one of the fathers of Salomon's House will be here this
day seven-night; we have seen none of them this dozen years. His coming
is in state; but the cause of this coming is secret. I will provide you
and your fellows of a good standing to see his entry." I thanked him,
and told him I was most glad of the news.
The day being come he made his entry.
He was a man of middle stature and age, comely of person, and had an
aspect as if he pitied men. He was clothed in a robe of fine black cloth
and wide sleeves, and a cape: his under-garment was of excellent white
linen down to the foot, girt with a girdle of the same; and a sindon or
tippet of the same about his neck. He had gloves that were curious, and
set with stone; and shoes of peach-colored velvet. His neck was bare to
the shoulders. His hat was like a helmet, or Spanish montero; and his
locks curled below it decently; they were of color brown. His heard was
cut round and of the same color with his hair, somewhat lighter. He was
carried in a rich chariot, without wheels, litter-wise, with two horses
at either end, richly trapped in blue velvet embroidered; and two
footmen on each side in the like attire. The chariot was all of cedar,
gilt and adorned with crystal; save that the fore end had panels of
sapphires set in borders of gold, and the hinder end the like of
emeralds of the Peru color. There was also a sun of gold, radiant upon
the top, in the midst; and on the top before a small cherub of gold,
with wings displayed. The chariot was covered with cloth-of-gold tissued
upon blue. He had before him fifty attendants, young men all, in white
satin loose coats up to the mid-leg, and stockings of white silk; and
shoes of blue velvet; and hats of blue velvet, with fine plumes of
divers colors, set round like hat-bands. Next before the chariot went
two men, bare-headed, in linen garments down to the foot, girt, and
shoes of blue velvet, who carried the one a crosier, the other a
pastoral staff like a sheep-hook; neither of them of metal, but the
crosier of balm-wood, the pastoral staff of cedar. Horsemen he had none,
neither before nor behind his chariot; as it seemeth, to avoid all
tumult and trouble. Behind his chariot went all the officers and
principals of the companies of the city. He sat alone, upon cushions, of
a kind of excellent plush, blue; and under his foot curious carpets of
silk of divers colors, like the Persian, but far finer. He held up his
bare hand, as he went, as blessing the people, but in silence. The
street was wonderfully well kept; so that there was never any army had
their men stand in better battle-array than the people stood. The
windows likewise were not crowded, but everyone stood in them, as if
they had been placed.
When the show was passed, the Jew said
to me, "I shall not be able to attend you as I would, in regard of some
charge the city hath laid upon me for the entertaining of this great
person." Three days after the Jew came to me again, and said: "Ye are
happy men; for the father of Salomon's House taketh knowledge of your
being here, and commanded me to tell you that he will admit all your
company to his presence, and have private conference with one of you,
that ye shall choose; and for this hath appointed the next day after
to-morrow. And because he meaneth to give you his blessing, he hath
appointed it in the forenoon." We came at our day and hour, and I was
chosen by my fellows for the private access. We found him in a fair
chamber, richly hanged, and carpeted under foot, without any degrees to
the state; he was set upon a low throne richly adorned, and a rich cloth
of state over his head of blue satin embroidered. He was alone, save
that he had two pages of honor, on either hand one, finely attired in
white. His under-garments were the like that we saw him wear in the
chariot; but instead of his gown, he had on him a mantle with a cape, of
the same fine black, fastened about him. When we came in, as we were
taught, we bowed low at our first entrance; and when we were come near
his chair, he stood up, holding forth his hand ungloved, and in posture
of blessing; and we every one of us stooped down and kissed the end of
his tippet. That done, the rest departed, and I remained. Then he warned
the pages forth of the room, and caused me to sit down beside him, and
spake to me thus in the Spanish tongue:
"God bless thee, my son; I will give
thee the greatest jewel I have. For I will impart unto thee, for the
love of God and men, a relation of the true state of Salomon's House.
Son, to make you know the true state of Salomon's House, I will keep
this order. First, I will set forth unto you the end of our foundation.
Secondly, the preparations and instruments we have for our works.
Thirdly, the several employments and functions whereto our fellows are
assigned. And fourthly, the ordinances and rites which we observe.
"The end of our foundation is the
knowledge of causes, and secret motions of things; and the enlarging of
the bounds of human empire, to the effecting of all things possible.
"The preparations and instruments are
these: We have large and deep caves of several depths; the deepest are
sunk 600 fathoms; and some of them are digged and made under great hills
and mountains; so that if you reckon together the depth of the hill and
the depth of the cave, they are, some of them, above three miles deep.
For we find that the depth of a hill and the depth of a cave from the
flat are the same thing; both remote alike from the sun and heaven's
beams, and from the open air. These caves we call the lower region. And
we use them for all coagulations, indurations, refrigerations, and
conservations of bodies. We use them likewise for the imitation of
natural mines and the producing also of new artificial metals, by
compositions and materials which we use and lay there for many years. We
use them also sometimes (which may seem strange) for curing of some
diseases, and for prolongation of life, in some hermits that choose to
live there, well accommodated of all things necessary, and indeed live
very long; by whom also we learn many things.
"We have burials in several earths,
where we put divers cements, as the Chinese do their porcelain. But we
have them in greater variety, and some of them more fine. We also have
great variety of composts and soils, for the making of the earth
fruitful.
"We have high towers, the highest about
half a mile in height, and some of them likewise set upon high
mountains, so that the vantage of the hill with the tower is in the
highest of them three miles at least. And these places we call the upper
region, account the air between the high places and the low as a middle
region.
"We have great lakes, both salt and
fresh, whereof we have use for the fish and fowl. We use them also for
burials of some natural bodies, for we find a difference in things
buried in earth, or in air below the earth, and things buried in water.
We have also pools, of which some do strain fresh water out of salt, and
others by art do turn fresh water into salt. We have also some rocks in
the midst of the sea, and some bays upon the shore for some works,
wherein are required the air and vapor of the sea. We have likewise
violent streams and cataracts, which serve us for many motions; and
likewise engines for multiplying and enforcing of winds to set also on
divers motions.
"We have also a number of artificial
wells and fountains, made in imitation of the natural sources and baths,
as tincted upon vitriol, sulphur, steel, brass, lead, nitre, and other
minerals; and again, we have little wells for infusions of many things,
where the waters take the virtue quicker and better than in vessels or
basins. And among them we have a water, which we call water of paradise,
being by that we do it made very sovereign for health and prolongation
of life.
"We have also great and spacious
houses, where we imitate and demonstrate meteors -- as snow, hail, rain,
some artificial rains of bodies and not of water, thunders, lightnings;
also generations of bodies in air -- as frogs, flies, and divers others.
"We have also certain chambers, which
we call chambers of health, where we qualify the air as we think good
and proper for the cure of divers diseases and preservation of health.
"We have also fair and large baths, of
several mixtures, for the cure of diseases, and the restoring of man's
body from arefaction; and others for the confirming of it in strength of
sinews, vital parts, and the very juice and substance of the body.
"We have also large and various
orchards and gardens, wherein we do not so much respect beauty as
variety of ground and soil, proper for divers trees and herbs, and some
very spacious, where trees and berries are set, whereof we make divers
kinds of drinks, beside the vineyards. In these we practise likewise all
conclusions of grafting, and inoculating, as well of wild-trees as
fruit-trees, which produceth many effects. And we make by art, in the
same orchards and gardens, trees and flowers, to come earlier or later
than their seasons, and to come up and bear more speedily than by their
natural course they do. We make them also by art greater much than their
nature; and their fruit greater and sweeter, and of differing taste,
smell, color, and figure, from their nature. And many of them we so
order as that they become of medicinal use.
"We have also means to make divers
plants rise by mixtures of earths without seeds, and likewise to make
divers new plants, differing from the vulgar, and to make one tree or
plant turn into another.
"We have also parks, and enclosures of
all sorts, of beasts and birds; which we use not only for view or
rareness, but likewise for dissections and trials, that thereby may take
light what may be wrought upon the body of man. Wherein we find many
strange effects: as continuing life in them, though divers parts, which
you account vital, be perished and taken forth; resuscitating of some
that seem dead in appearance, and the like. We try also all poisons, and
other medicines upon them, as well of chirurgery as physic. By art
likewise we make them greater or smaller than their kind is, and
contrariwise dwarf them and stay their growth; we make them more
fruitful and bearing than their kind is, and contrariwise barren and not
generative. Also we make them differ in color, shape, activity, many
ways. We find means to make commixtures and copulations of divers kinds,
which have produced many new kinds, and them not barren, as the general
opinion is. We make a number of kinds of serpents, worms, flies, fishes
of putrefaction, whereof some are advanced (in effect) to be perfect
creatures, like beasts or birds, and have sexes, and do propagate.
Neither do we this by chance, but we know beforehand of what matter and
commixture, what kind of those creatures will arise.
"We have also particular pools where we
make trials upon fishes, as we have said before of beasts and birds.
"We have also places for breed and
generation of those kinds of worms and flies which are of special use;
such as are with you your silkworms and bees.
"I will not hold you long with
recounting of our brew-houses, bake-houses, and kitchens, where are made
divers drinks, breads, and meats, rare and of special effects. Wines we
have of grapes, and drinks of other juice, of fruits, of grains, and of
roots, and of mixtures with honey, sugar, manna, and fruits dried and
decocted; also of the tears or wounding of trees and of the pulp of
canes. And these drinks are of several ages, some to the age or last of
forty years. We have drinks also brewed with several herbs and roots and
spices; yea, with several fleshes and white meats; whereof some of the
drinks are such as they are in effect meat and drink both, so that
divers, especially in age, do desire to live with them with little or no
meat or bread. And above all we strive to have drinks of extreme thin
parts, to insinuate into the body, and yet without all biting,
sharpness, or fretting; insomuch as some of them put upon the back of
your hand, will with a little stay pass through to the palm, and yet
taste mild to the mouth. We have also waters, which we ripen in that
fashion, as they become nourishing, so that they are indeed excellent
drinks, and many will use no other. Bread we have of several grains,
roots, and kernels; yea, and some of flesh, and fish, dried; with divers
kinds of leavings and seasonings; so that some do extremely move
appetites, some do nourish so as divers do live of them, without any
other meat, who live very long. So for meats, we have some of them so
beaten, and made tender, and mortified, yet without all corrupting, as a
weak heat of the stomach will turn them into good chilus, as well as a
strong heat would meat otherwise prepared. We have some meats also and
bread, and drinks, which, taken by men, enable them to fast long after;
and some other, that used make the very flesh of men's bodies sensibly
more hard and tough, and their strength far greater than otherwise it
would be.
"We have dispensatories or shops of
medicines; wherein you may easily think, if we have such variety of
plants, and living creatures, more than you have in Europe (for we know
what you have), the simples, drugs, and ingredients of medicines, must
likewise be in so much the greater variety. We have them likewise of
divers ages, and long fermentations. And for their preparations, we have
not only all manner of exquisite distillations, and separations, and
especially by gentle heats, and percolations through divers strainers,
yea, and substances; but also exact forms of composition, whereby they
incorporate almost as they were natural simples.
"We have also divers mechanical arts,
which you have not; and stuffs made by them, as papers, linen, silks,
tissues, dainty works of feathers of wonderful lustre, excellent dyes,
and many others, and shops likewise as well for such as are not brought
into vulgar use among us, as for those that are. For you must know, that
of the things before recited, many of them are grown into use throughout
the kingdom, but yet, if they did flow from our invention, we have of
them also for patterns and principals.
"We have also furnaces of great
diversities, and that keep great diversity of heats; fierce and quick,
strong and constant, soft and mild, blown, quiet, dry, moist, and the
like. But above all we have heats, in imitation of the sun's and
heavenly bodies' heats, that pass divers inequalities, and as it were
orbs, progresses, and returns whereby we produce admirable effects.
Besides, we have heats of dungs, and of bellies and maws of living
creatures and of their bloods and bodies, and of hays and herbs laid up
moist, of lime unquenched, and such like. Instruments also which
generate heat only by motion. And farther, places for strong
insulations; and, again, places under the earth, which by nature or art
yield heat. These divers heats we use as the nature of the operation
which we intend requireth.
"We have also perspective houses, where
we make demonstrations of all lights and radiations and of all colors;
and out of things uncolored and transparent we can represent unto you
all several colors, not in rainbows, as it is in gems and prisms, but of
themselves single. We represent also all multiplications of light, which
we carry to great distance, and make so sharp as to discern small points
and lines. Also all colorations of light: all delusions and deceits of
the sight, in figures, magnitudes, motions, colors; all demonstrations
of shadows. We find also divers means, yet unknown to you, of producing
of light, originally from divers bodies. We procure means of seeing
objects afar off, as in the heaven and remote places; and represent
things near as afar off, and things afar off as near; making feigned
distances. We have also helps for the sight far above spectacles and
glasses in use; we have also glasses and means to see small and minute
bodies, perfectly and distinctly; as the shapes and colors of small
flies and worms, grains, and flaws in gems which cannot otherwise be
seen, observations in urine and blood not otherwise to be seen. We make
artificial rainbows, halos, and circles about light. We represent also
all manner of reflections, refractions, and multiplications of visual
beams of objects.
"We have also precious stones, of all
kinds, many of them of great beauty and to you unknown, crystals
likewise, and glasses of divers kind; and among them some of metals
vitrificated, and other materials, besides those of which you make
glass. Also a number of fossils and imperfect minerals, which you have
not. Likewise loadstones of prodigious virtue, and other rare stones,
both natural and artificial.
"We have also sound-houses, where we
practise and demonstrate all sounds and their generation. We have
harmony which you have not, of quarter-sounds and lesser slides of
sounds. Divers instruments of music likewise to you unknown, some
sweeter than any you have; with bells and rings that are dainty and
sweet. We represent small sounds as great and deep, likewise great
sounds extenuate and sharp; we make divers tremblings and warblings of
sounds, which in their original are entire. We represent and imitate all
articulate sounds and letters, and the voices and notes of beasts and
birds. We have certain helps which, set to the ear, do further the
hearing greatly; we have also divers strange and artificial echoes,
reflecting the voice many times, and, as it were, tossing it; and some
that give back the voice louder than it came, some shriller and some
deeper; yea, some rendering the voice, differing in the letters or
articulate sound from that they receive. We have all means to convey
sounds in trunks and pipes, in strange lines and distances.
"We have also perfume-houses, wherewith
we join also practices of taste. We multiply smells which may seem
strange: we imitate smells, making all smells to breathe out of other
mixtures than those that give them. We make divers imitations of taste
likewise, so that they will deceive any man's taste. And in this house
we contain also a confiture-house, where we make all sweatmeats, dry and
moist, and divers pleasant wines, milks, broths, and salads, far in
greater variety than you have.
"We have also engine-houses, where are
prepared engines and instruments for all sorts of motions. There we
imitate and practise to make swifter motions than any you have, either
out of your muskets or any engine that you have; and to make them and
multiply them more easily and with small force, by wheels and other
means, and to make them stronger and more violent than yours are,
exceeding your greatest cannons and basilisks. We represent also
ordnance and instruments of war and engines of all kinds; and likewise
new mixtures and compositions of gunpowder, wild-fires burning in water
and unquenchable, also fire-works of all variety, both for pleasure and
use. We imitate also flights of birds; we have some degrees of flying in
the air. We have ships and boats for going under water and brooking of
seas, also swimming-girdles and supporters. We have divers curious
clocks and other like motions of return, and some perpetual motions. We
imitate also motions of living creatures by images of men, beasts,
birds, fishes, and serpents; we have also a great number of other
various motions, strange for equality, fineness, and subtilty.
"We have also a mathematical-house,
where are represented all instruments, as well of geometry as astronomy,
exquisitely made.
"We have also houses of deceits of the
senses, where we represent all manner of feats of juggling, false
apparitions, impostures and illusions, and their fallacies. And surely
you will easily believe that we, that have so many things truly natural
which induce admiration, could in a world of particulars deceive the
senses if we would disguise those things, and labor to make them more
miraculous. But we do hate all impostures and lies, insomuch as we have
severely forbidden it to all our fellows, under pain of ignominy and
fines, that they do not show any natural work or thing adorned or
swelling, but only pure as it is, and without all affectation of
strangeness.
"These are, my son, the riches of
Salomon's House.
"For the several employments and
offices of our fellows, we have twelve that sail into foreign countries
under the names of other nations (for our own we conceal), who bring us
the books and abstracts, and patterns of experiments of all other parts.
These we call merchants of light.
"We have three that collect the
experiments which are in all books. These we call depredators.
"We have three that collect the
experiments of all mechanical arts, and also of liberal sciences, and
also of practices which are not brought into arts. These we call
mystery-men.
"We have three that try new
experiments, such as themselves think good. These we call pioneers or
miners.
"We have three that draw the
experiments of the former four into titles and tables, to give the
better light for the drawing of observations and axioms out of them.
These we call compilers. We have three that bend themselves, looking
into the experiments of their fellows, and cast about how to draw out of
them things of use and practice for man's life and knowledge, as well
for works as for plain demonstration of causes, means of natural
divinations, and the easy and clear discovery of the virtues and parts
of bodies. These we call dowry-men or benefactors.
"Then after divers meetings and
consults of our whole number, to consider of the former labors and
collections, we have three that take care out of them to direct new
experiments, of a higher light, more penetrating into nature than the
former. These we call lamps.
"We have three others that do execute
the experiments so directed, and report them. These we call inoculators.
"Lastly, we have three that raise the
former discoveries by experiments into greater observations, axioms, and
aphorisms. These we call interpreters of nature.
"We have also, as you must think,
novices and apprentices, that the succession of the former employed men
do not fail; besides a great number of servants and attendants, men and
women. And this we do also: we have consultations, which of the
inventions and experiences which we have discovered shall be published,
and which not; and take all an oath of secrecy for the concealing of
those which we think fit to keep secret; though some of those we do
reveal sometime to the State, and some not.
"For our ordinances and rites we have
two very long and fair galleries. In one of these we place patterns and
samples of all manner of the more rare and excellent inventions; in the
other we place the statues of all principal inventors. There we have the
statue of your Columbus, that discovered the West Indies, also the
inventor of ships, your monk that was the inventor of ordnance and of
gunpowder, the inventor of music, the inventor of letters, the inventor
of printing, the inventor of observations of astronomy, the inventor of
works in metal, the inventor of glass, the inventor of silk of the worm,
the inventor of wine, the inventor of corn and bread, the inventor of
sugars; and all these by more certain tradition than you have. Then we
have divers inventors of our own, of excellent works; which, since you
have not seen) it were too long to make descriptions of them; and
besides, in the right understanding of those descriptions you might
easily err. For upon every invention of value we erect a statue to the
inventor, and give him a liberal and honorable reward. These statues are
some of brass, some of marble and touchstone, some of cedar and other
special woods gilt and adorned; some of iron, some of silver, some of
gold.
"We have certain hymns and services,
which we say daily, of laud and thanks to God for His marvellous works.
And forms of prayers, imploring His aid and blessing for the
illumination of our labors; and turning them into good and holy uses.
"Lastly, we have circuits or visits, of
divers principal cities of the kingdom; where as it cometh to pass we do
publish such new profitable inventions as we think good. And we do also
declare natural divinations of diseases, plagues, swarms of hurtful
creatures, scarcity, tempest, earthquakes, great inundations, comets,
temperature of the year, and divers other things; and we give counsel
thereupon, what the people shall do for the prevention and remedy of
them."
And when he had said this he stood up,
and I, as I had been taught, knelt down; and he laid his right hand upon
my head, and said: "God bless thee, my son, and God bless this relation
which I have made. I give thee leave to publish it, for the good of
other nations; for we here are in God's bosom, a land unknown." And so
he left me; having assigned a value of about 2,000 ducats for a bounty
to me and my fellows. For they give great largesses, where they come,
upon all occasions.
[The rest was not perfected.]
